Migration and Synaptic Aspects of Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Patients with Focal Cortical Dysplasia II.

Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) include many different Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders related to a complex process of cortex formation. In children with refractory epilepsy to drug treatment undergoing surgery, focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), one of the MCDs, is considered the most common structural brain lesion found. This study aimed to study the possible alterations in neural differentiation process of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) related to migration and synaptic aspects from fibroblasts of two individuals affected by FCD type IIb (45-year-old male and 12-year-old female) and normal individuals. At the days 14th, 22nd and 35th, hiPSCs were neural differentiated and analyzed. Using qRT-PCR approach, the expression of 9 genes associated with synaptic and neural migration were quantified. Diagnostic of both patients was consistent with FCD type IIb. Our results showed that in all processes and groups, individuals with dysplasia presented alterations in most part of the genes in relation to control individuals. According to our results, it is suggested that the different expressions are mainly involved in alterations of the expression of receptors and capture sites, timing, coupling of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, regulation of ion channel and synaptic exocytosis, imbalance of the apoptosis process and abnormal microtubules that may also contribute to delays in synaptogenesis. Thus, brain formation with dysplasia is probably influenced by these genes studied.