Investigation of mast cell toll-like receptor 3 in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Systemic Mastocytosis participants using the novel application of autoMACS magnetic separation and flow cytometry.

Background: Viral infections and hypersensitivities are commonly reported by Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) patients. Mast Cells (MC) uniquely mediate type 1 hypersensitivities and resolve viral infections via toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Objective: To characterise and compare mast cell progenitors (MCPs) in CFS/ME participants with a known MC disorder, Systemic mastocytosis (SM), and secondly, to investigate the role of MC TLR3 in CFS/ME participants following Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) stimulation. Methods: A total of 11 International Consensus Criteria defined CFS/ME participants (40.42 +/- 10.31), 9 World Health Organisation defined systemic mastocytosis (SM) participants (47.00 +/- 10.37) and 12 healthy controls (HC) (36.36 +/- 9.88) were included. Following autoMACS magnetic separation, CD117(+)/Lin(-)MCPs were stimulated with Poly I:C for 24 hr. MCP purity (CD117 and Lin2), maturity (CD34 and Fc epsilon RI), interaction receptors and ligands (CD154 and HLA-DR), and SM-specific (CD2 and CD25) markers were measured using flow cytometry. Results: There was a significant decrease in HLA-DR+/CD154(-) expression between CFS/ME and SM groups pre and post Poly I:C stimulation. There were no significant differences in maturity MCPs, CD154, and CD2/CD25 expression between groups pre and post Poly I:C stimulation. Conclusion: This pilot investigation provides a novel methodology to characterise MCPs in a rapid, inexpensive and less invasive fashion. We report a significant decrease in HLA-DR+/CD154(-) expression between CFS/ME and SM participants, and an observed increase in HLA-DR-/CD154(+) expression post Poly I:C stimulation in CFS/ME participants. Peripheral MCPs may be present in CFS/ME pathophysiology, however further investigation is required to determine their immunological role.