Secondary Malignancies in Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Multiple Myeloma

Advances in treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has improved overall survival in these patients (pts).A steady increase in the risk of secondary malignancies has been reported over the last decades in MM survivors. Estimated incidence of secondary acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS/AML) after treatment with alkylating agents is 1% -1.5% per year 2-10 years after primary chemotherapy. Recently, novel anti-myeloma treatments have been linked with an increase in secondary malignancies, but no solid relationship has been established yet.