Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a child with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

Background: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a life-threatening illness associated with invasive or non-invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infection with rapid progression and a high mortality rate. 1 There are limited data on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in toxic shock syndrome (TSS) with few case reports in adults with TSS-induced cardiac dysfunction 2,3 and a pediatric series of severe group A streptococcal infections from Australia. 1 The mode of ECMO was veno-arterial (VA) in all these case reports due to significant myocardial failure. According to our knowledge, we present the first reported case of STSS in a child managed with veno-venous (VV) ECMO. Methods: Clinical presentation, investigations, management, and outcome of the child was followed from the health records. The study was exempt from ethical approval. Detailed search of the published medical articles did not reveal similar publication. Results: A 13-month-old, previously healthy child presented in...