Shear velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle of Madagascar derived from surface wave tomography

•The first detailed 3-D shear velocity model covering the entirety of Madagascar.•Consistent surface wave phase velocity results from three distinct methods.•Low velocity anomalies extend to at least 200 km depth.•These anomalies lie beneath three known regions of <1 Ma intraplate volcanism.•Evidence for asthenospheric upwelling due to lithospheric thinning, potentially causing recent uplift.