Structure-designed gadolinia doped ceria interlayer for solid oxide fuel cell

A bi-structured gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) interlayer, which has a dense layer combining tightly with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) film and a porous layer with rough surface for contacting closely with the cathode, is prepared from a two-step sputtering process. Compared to the cell with a dense GDC interlayer, the single cell with the bi-structured GDC interlayer depicts greatly reduced ohmic and polarization resistances and increased electrochemical performance.