Mastering $2048$ with Delayed Temporal Coherence Learning, Multi-State Weight Promotion, Redundant Encoding and Carousel Shaping.

2048 is an engaging single-player nondeterministic video puzzle game, which, thanks to the simple rules and hard-tomaster gameplay, has gained massive popularity in recent years. As 2048 can be conveniently embedded into the discrete-state Markov decision processes framework, we treat it as a testbed for evaluating existing and new methods in reinforcement learning. With the aim to develop a stron...