A case of granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent primary immune deficiency. Recurrent infections are classical consequences of CVID, but their impact has been largely reduced by immunoglobulin replacement. CVID is also associated with various inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations resulting from abnormal cellular immunity. The lungs are especially affected by a recently described entity called granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). GLILD currently constitutes an important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. It is distinct from bronchiectasis secondary to recurrent infections, and presents similarities but also striking differences with sarcoidosis.