The effects of particulate matters on allergic rhinitis in Nanjing, China

Particulate matter pollution is a serious environmental problem. Individuals exposed to particulate matters have an increased prevalence to diseases. In the present study, we performed an epidemiological study to investigate the effects of particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ) and particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ) on allergic rhinitis in Nanjing, China. Daily numbers of allergic rhinitis patients (33,063 patients), PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and weather data were collected from January 2014 to December 2016 in Nanjing, China. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used to evaluate the effects of PM 10 and PM 2.5 on allergic rhinitis. We found that the interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM 10 (difference of estimates, 5.86%; 95% CI, 3.00–8.81%; P = 4.72 × 10 −5 ) and PM 2.5 (difference of estimates, 5.39%; 95% CI, 2.73–8.12%; P = 5.67 × 10 −5 ) concentrations were associated with the higher increased numbers of allergic rhinitis patients with 3-day cumulative effects in single-pollutant model. In addition, we found that the IQR increase in PM 10 (age ≥ 18 years: 7.37%, 3.91–10.96%, 2.14 × 10 −5 ; 0–17 years: 0.83%, − 4.00–5.91%, 0.740) and PM 2.5 (age ≥ 18 years: 7.00%, 3.78–10.32%, 1.40 × 10 −5 ; 0–17 years: 0.40%, − 4.10–5.10%, 0.866) increased the number of allergic rhinitis patients in adults, but not in children. In summary, our findings suggested that exposure to PM 10 and PM 2.5 was associated with the risk of allergic rhinitis.