Multiple scattering effects for a solid cylinder with axis oblique relative to a nearby horizontal surface

It has been shown that when studying the acoustic scattering from a cylinder near a flat interface, there exists multiple paths by which sound can travel to, and subsequently scatter from, the cylinder. Specifically, sound can couple into a number of surface elastic waves (SEW), some of which give rise to an observed enhancement to the backscattering. Previously, the coupling conditions for these mechanisms have been derived, which are dependent on the relative angles between the target, the source/receiver and the interface [Plotnick, et al., JASA 140(3), 2016]. Here, a non-singular Helmholtz Kirchhoff Integral method has been implemented in a hybrid finite element/propagation model in order to predict the first and second order scattering mechanisms that exist when the cylinder is near an air-water interface, with its axis oblique with respect to the interface. This model, combined with the coupling conditions for SEWs, is used to dissect tank measurements that previously were only partially understood....