Thymosins in multiple sclerosis and its experimental models: moving from basic to clinical application

•Thymosins are thymic hormone-like peptides that can mediate immune and non-immune physiological processes.•Thymosin-α1 (Tα1) displays powerful pleiotropic activities by promoting anti-inflammatory and regulatory milieu in different settings.•Thymosin-β4 (Tβ4) provides neuroprotection, immunosuppression, and neurorestoration in the central nervous system.•This review describes what is known on the effects and the potential mechanisms of action of treatment with Tβ4 or Tα1 in Multiple Sclerosis and its experimental models.