Advancing precision medicine with personalized drug screening

•Personalized drug screening (PDS) using patient-derived cells and approved drugs predicts drug efficacy in vitro before drug treatment in patients.•This ‘bedside to bench and back to patient’ practice is a collaborative effort between basic researchers and clinicians.•Personalized drug screening combined with personalized genomic analysis can contribute greatly to development of future precision medicine.•The infrastructure and technologies need to be further developed for implementation of personalized drug screening in the clinical setting.