Domestic Battery And Power-To-Heat Storage For Self-Consumption And Provision Of Primary Control Reserve

Primary Control Reserve (PCR), also called Frequency Containment Reserve, is a key component of the safe and stable operation of the electrical power system. The foreseen decrease of synchronous generators, main PCR provider, coupled to the increase of domestic batteries at a household level offer new opportunities. In this frame, this paper investigates the techno-economic feasibility of providing PCR with a coupled storage system: domestic battery and power-to-heat storage (P2HS), typically a resistance in a water tank providing domestic hot water. The presented solution overcomes the main drawbacks for batteries PCR participation: the battery deterioration due to the PCR provision and the decrease of usable energy to ensure the PCR provision, at the expense of other objectives such as self-consumption. Using time simulations performed with historical frequency, representative PV production and thermal demand data over one year, this paper demonstrates the positive coupling effect of battery and power-to-heat storage from a technical and economical point of view.