The research advances in the mechanism of manganese-induced neurotoxicity

Manganese is an indispensable trace element in the growing process of living creature. However, long-term manganese exposure can cause different levels of damage to multiple organs or systems in the body. It can also cause irreversible damage to the nervous system, causing dysfunction of mental and extrapyramidal system. The exact neurotoxic mechanism of manganese is not yet clear, and this brings difficulties to the early prevention and cure of manganese poisoning. The present research progress of the neurotoxic mechanisms induced by manganese is summarized from the aspects of mitochondrial damage, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory stimulation and neurotransmitter metabolism.