How to Change Ceruloplasmin Levels in Heart Disease

Ceruloplasmin (CP) is a blue serum protein found in human serum; it carries approximately 95% of the total circulating copper (Cu) in healthy individuals. The relationship of CP with OS, inflammation, and DNA damage is known. Oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and DNA damage are the main causes underlying atherosclerotic heart disease. Several studies have indicated a close association between high serum CP and several types of heart disease. However, the CP levels are still unknown in many heart diseases. To gather the studies of CP in heart disease and to prepare the ground for new studies for researchers, we designed this review.