Observations Of The Kondo Effect And Its Coexistence With Ferromagnetism In A Magnetically Undoped Metal Oxide Nanostructure

In this work, we report unusual observations of Kondo effect and coexistence of Kondo effect and ferromagnetism in indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires that were synthesized without incorporating any magnetic impurities. The temperature-dependent resistivity (rho-T) data exhibited an upturn below 80 K and then tended to saturate below 10 K. The rho-T and magnetoresistance data were analyzed using the n-channel Kondo model, and from the obtained values of S = 1 and n similar to 1, the nanowires were expected to be an underscreened Kondo system. A model was also proposed to explain the formation of localized S = 1 spin centers in the ITO nanowires. This work could provide insights into the understanding of spin-related novel phenomena in metal oxide nanostructures.