Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.

A Adare, S Afanasiev, C Aidala,N N Ajitanand,Y Akiba,R Akimoto,H Al-Bataineh,J Alexander,M Alfred,A Al-Jamel,H Al-Ta'ani, A Angerami,K Aoki,N Apadula, L Aphecetche,Y Aramaki,R Armendariz,S H Aronson,J Asai,H Asano, E C Aschenauer,E T Atomssa, R Averbeck, T C Awes,B Azmoun, V Babintsev,A Bagoly, M Bai, G Baksay,L Baksay, A Baldisseri,B Bannier,K N Barish,P D Barnes, B Bassalleck,A T Basye,S Bathe,S Batsouli,V Baublis, F Bauer,C Baumann,S Baumgart, A Bazilevsky,S Belikov, R Belmont,R Bennett,A Berdnikov,Y Berdnikov, J H Bhom, A A Bickley,M T Bjorndal,D S Blau,M Boer,J G Boissevain,J S Bok,H Borel,K Boyle,M L Brooks,D S Brown,J Bryslawskyj,D Bucher, H Buesching,V Bumazhnov, G Bunce,J M Burward-Hoy, S Butsyk,C M Camacho,S Campbell,V Canoa Roman, A Caringi, P Castera,J-S Chai, B S Chang,W C Chang,J-L Charvet,C-H Chen,S Chernichenko,C Y Chi,J Chiba,M Chiu,I J Choi, J B Choi,S Choi, R K Choudhury,P Christiansen,T Chujo,P Chung, A Churyn,O Chvala,V Cianciolo,Z Citron, C R Cleven, Y Cobigo,B A Cole,M P Comets,Z Conesa Del Valle,M Connors,P Constantin,M Csanád, T Csörgő, T Dahms, S Dairaku,I Danchev,T W Danley,K Das,A Datta,M S Daugherity,G David, M K Dayananda, M B Deaton,K Dehmelt, H Delagrange,A Denisov, D d'Enterria,A Deshpande,E J Desmond, K V Dharmawardane,O Dietzsch,L Ding,A Dion,J H Do,M Donadelli, L D'Orazio,J L Drachenberg, O Drapier,A Drees,K A Drees,A K Dubey,J M Durham,A Durum, D Dutta,V Dzhordzhadze,S Edwards,Y V Efremenko,J Egdemir, F Ellinghaus, W S Emam, T Engelmore,A Enokizono,H En'yo, B Espagnon, S Esumi,K O Eyser,B Fadem,W Fan,N Feege,D E Fields,M Finger,F Fleuret,S L Fokin,B Forestier,Z Fraenkel,J E Frantz,A Franz, A D Frawley,K Fujiwara,Y Fukao,S-Y Fung,T Fusayasu,S Gadrat,K Gainey,C Gal, P Gallus,P Garg,A Garishvili,I Garishvili,F Gastineau,H Ge,M Germain,A Glenn,H Gong,X Gong,M Gonin, J Gosset,Y Goto,R Granier de Cassagnac, N Grau,S V Greene,G Grim,M Grosse Perdekamp,T Gunji,L Guo,H-Å Gustafsson,T Hachiya,A Hadj Henni, C Haegemann,J S Haggerty,M N Hagiwara,K I Hahn, H Hamagaki,J Hamblen,R Han,J Hanks,H Harada,E P Hartouni,K Haruna,M Harvey,S Hasegawa,T O S Haseler,K Hashimoto, E Haslum,K Hasuko, R Hayano,X He, M Heffner,T K Hemmick,T Hester,J M Heuser,H Hiejima,J C Hill, K Hill,R Hobbs,A Hodges, M Hohlmann,R S Hollis,M Holmes,W Holzmann,K Homma, B Hong,T Horaguchi,Y Hori, D Hornback,N Hotvedt,J Huang,S Huang,M G Hur,T Ichihara, R Ichimiya, H Iinuma,Y Ikeda,K Imai, J Imrek, M Inaba,Y Inoue,A Iordanova, D Isenhower,L Isenhower,M Ishihara,T Isobe, M Issah,A Isupov,D Ivanishchev,Y Iwanaga,B V Jacak,M Javani,Z Ji, J Jia,X Jiang,J Jin, O Jinnouchi,B M Johnson, T Jones, K S Joo,D Jouan,D S Jumper, F Kajihara,S Kametani,N Kamihara,J Kamin,M Kaneta, S Kaneti,B H Kang,J H Kang,J S Kang,H Kanou,J Kapustinsky, K Karatsu,M Kasai,T Kawagishi,D Kawall,M Kawashima, A V Kazantsev,S Kelly, T Kempel, V Khachatryan, A Khanzadeev,K M Kijima, J Kikuchi,A Kim, B I Kim,C Kim, D H Kim, D J Kim,E Kim,E-J Kim,H J Kim,K-B Kim,M Kim, S H Kim,Y-J Kim,Y K 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Tanaka,Y Tanaka, S Taneja,K Tanida,M J Tannenbaum,S Tarafdar, A Taranenko,P Tarján,E Tennant,H Themann,D Thomas, T L Thomas,R Tieulent,T Todoroki,M Togawa, A Toia, J Tojo,L Tomášek,M Tomášek, Y Tomita,H Torii,R S Towell,V-N Tram, I Tserruya, Y Tsuchimoto, T Tsuji,S K Tuli, H Tydesjö, N Tyurin,Y Ueda,B Ujvari,C Vale,H Valle,H W van Hecke,M Vargyas, E Vazquez-Zambrano, A Veicht, J Velkovska,R Vértesi, A A Vinogradov,M Virius,A Vossen, V Vrba, E Vznuzdaev,M Wagner,D Walker,X R Wang, D Watanabe, K Watanabe,Y Watanabe,Y S Watanabe,F Wei,R Wei,J Wessels,S N White,N Willis,D Winter,S Wolin,C P Wong,C L Woody, R M Wright,M Wysocki,B Xia,W Xie,C Xu,Q Xu,Y L Yamaguchi,K Yamaura,R Yang,A Yanovich,Z Yasin,J Ying,S Yokkaichi,J H Yoo, Z You, G R Young,I Younus,H Yu,I E Yushmanov,W A Zajc, O Zaudtke,A Zelenski,C Zhang,S Zharko,S Zhou, J Zimamyi,L Zolin,L Zou

Physical Review Letters（2019）

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摘要

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.4 < p(T) < 3 GeV/c) direct-photon yields from Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) =39 and 62.4 GeV. For both beam energies the direct-photon yields are substantially enhanced with respect to expectations from prompt processes, similar to the yields observed in Au +horn Au collisions at root s(NN) =200. Analyzing the photon yield as a function of the experimental observable dN(ch)/d(eta) eveals that the low-momentum (> 1 GeV= c) direct-photon yield dN(gamma)(dir)/d(eta) is a smooth function f dN(ch)/d eta and can be well described as proportional to (dN(ch)/d(eta))(alpha) with a approximate to 1.25. This scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different A thorn A collision systems. At a given beam energy, the scaling also holds for high p(T) (> 5 GeV= c), but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional root s(NN) -dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield.

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