The Failure of Wild Salmon Management: Need for a Place-Based Conceptual Foundation

Salmon management has generally failed to rebuild depressed wild salmon populations or to manage many of them sustainably, despite a broad and growing scientifi c understanding of salmon ecology. We argue that to correct this failure, management policies and practices related to salmon need to become place-based. Key changes in management practices required to achieve place-based management include requiring that fi shing occur closer to rivers of origin where particular populations can be identifi ed with high precision, requiring that fi shing gear be capable of releasing (with very low postrelease mortality) nontarget species and populations, and managing harvest to ensure that spawning escapements in most years exceed levels that would produce maximum sustainable yield. The scientifi c basis in support of place-based salmon management is clear, but implementing the required changes presents serious challenges that must be faced if the diversity and abundance of wild salmon are to be restored and if the world ' s wild salmon populations are to eff ectively cope with environmental changes imposed by climate change and continuing habitat degradation. Lessons from locations where management practices are based on a place-based conceptual foundation show how to successfully rebuild or maintain productive wild salmon populations.