Expressions of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Carcinogenesis of Cervix: A Review

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcriptslonger than 200 nucleotides mostly transcribed by RNA which do not encodeproteins. Previously, lncRNAs were considered transcriptional byproducts called“junk DNA” with no biological functions. There are many studies conducted onlncRNAs showing they are actively involved in regulation of epigenetic,transcriptional, and post-transcriptional events. Expressions of lncRNAs are more different in many malignant tumors than in benign tumors and normaltissue. Aberration of lncRNAs is responsible to promote or suppresstumorigenesis and cancer progression. Under different circumstances, lncRNAsexhibit their roles in carcinogenesis such as MALAT1 is responsible forintervening mRNA instability, HOTAIR, MALAT1, ANRIL, PVT1 links with miRNA andhistonemodifying complexes, MEG3 associates with miRNA, CCAT2, MEG3, GAS5, UCA1allies with c-Myc or P53 causing suppression of tumor or oncogenesis. Abnormalexpressions of lncRNAs are noticed in gynecological cancers, such as cervicalcancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. Identification of cervicalcancer associated lncRNAs is necessary to understand the molecular biogenesisof cancers. In this review, we summarized the foundation and function of thelncRNAs in terms of tumor progression, invasion, prognosis, apoptosis,metastasis, and chemo-resistance. This review will provide references to determinethe clinical applications of lncRNAs as ideal diagnostic biomarkers ortherapeutic targets in cervical cancers.