Volatile Compounds as Propolis Characterization Markers

Propolis is a resinous material produced by honeybees from vegetables resins, exudates, wax, pollen, leaf pieces and self secretion. It is used to seal and to protect the hive against heat, cold, wind, water, insects and microorganisms. Volatile compounds are found in low concentration in propolis, but their biological activity makes them important for propolis characterization. The propolis chemical composition as well as biological activities depends on its botanical origin and the local flora at the collection site. Propolis volatiles may be used as markers in the identification of the propolis botanical origin and its characterization.