Experimental study on combustion and emission characteristics of turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine under cold start new European driving cycle (NEDC)

•The performance, combustion and emission of GDI engine were continuously measured during cold start NEDC.•The combined effects of various operating parameters on combustion and emissions of GDI engine under NEDC are demonstrated.•The major influence factors of combustion and emissions under NEDC are obtained by simultaneous comparison.•The correlations among vehicle conditions, engine operating parameters, combustion parameters and emissions are revealed.