Population game model for epidemic dynamics with two classes of vaccine-induced immunity

Behavioural factors play a key and pivotal role in the success of a voluntary vaccination programme for combating infectious diseases. Individuals usually base their voluntary vaccination decisions on the perceived costs of vaccination and infection. The perceived cost of vaccination is easily influenced by the degree of protection conferred by vaccines against infection, also known as vaccine efficacy. Although certain vaccines have a decrease in its effectiveness in specific duration of time, they do offer a reduction of transmissibility and faster recovery for vaccinated infected individuals. These additional characteristics of imperfect vaccines are well-captured in an epidemic model with two classes of vaccine-induced immunity. In this paper, the interplays between these characteristics of vaccines, the dynamics of vaccination uptake and epidemics are investigated in the vaccination population games framework. Specifically, we study to what extent the population- and individual-level vaccination rates are influenced by these characteristics of vaccines at equilibrium state.