Fundamentals of reactor physics with a view to the (possible) futures of nuclear energy

This paper present basic nuclear reactor physics that may help to understand next challenges that nuclear industry have to face in the future. The ones considered in this work are waste production and natural resources consumption. This paper shows that waste and resources are linked by the plutonium status that could be considered as the principal waste or a valuable material that should be saved for a future transition to breeder reactors that could be for instance Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFRs). This kind of reactors does not rely on natural resource supply, as it produces its own fissile material, plutonium-239, after a neutron capture on uranium-238. However, the operation of SFRs needs a huge amount of plutonium that should be produced in current Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs).