Development of master-slave energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic hysteresis state machine and differential power processing compensation for a PEMFC-LIB-SC hybrid tramway

•A power system model for the PEMFC based commercial hybrid tramway was established.•An energy management strategy based on master FuHSM and slave DPPC was proposed.•The optimal OER operation of PEMFC subsystem was achieved.•The real-time EMS based HCM optimization was achieved.•The influence on system fuel economy and PEMFC performance degradation was verified.