Closomers: Versatile Monodisperse Molecular Nanoparticles

This review is dedicated to a relatively new, but nevertheless very quickly evolving field of chemistry - closomer chemistry. Closomers are complex organoelement molecules built on a [B-12](2-) icosahedral platform that have the combined benefits of the symmetry and stability of polyhedral boranes and the diversity of organic chemistry. On a material level, closomers can be considered as monodisperse molecular nanoparticles because of their size, spherical symmetry, and ease of adjusting the arm length. The ease of twelvefold side-chain functionalization and the possibility of heterosubstitution makes closomers very useful medical tools for targeted and traceable imaging and drug delivery applications.