Compost and biochar interactions with copper immobilisation in copper-enriched vineyard soils

Applications of Cu-based fungicides against downy mildew of grapevines have led to Cu accumulation in the topsoil of vineyards. In such soils, Cu may reach levels high enough to exert adverse effects on soil microorganisms, soil fauna and plant roots. This study aimed to test combinations of compost and biochar for their potential to decrease the bioavailability of Cu in Cu-enriched vineyard soils.