Mast cells in neuroinflammation and brain disorders.

•Mast cells are present in the brain and meninges and are typically found in the area postrema, choroid plexus and thalamic hypothalamic region.•Mast cells are considered first responders and are able to initiate and magnify immune responses in the brain.•Inflammatory mediators released by mast cells and/or glial cells have a role in the CNS promoting neurogenesis (e.g. serotonin, IL-6), provide neuroprotection (e.g. IL-1β) and maintain BBB integrity (e.g. histamine).•The role of mast cells in neuronal disorders such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, migraine, autism, and depression is discussed.