Plasma source development for fusion-relevant material testing

Plasma-facing materials in the divertor of a magnetic fusion reactor have to tolerate steady state plasma heat fluxes in the range of 10MW/m(2) for similar to 10(7) s, in addition to fusion neutron fluences, which can damage the plasma-facing materials to high displacements per atom (dpa) of similar to 50 dpa. Materials solutions needed for the plasma-facing components are yet to be developed and tested. The material plasma exposure experiment (MPEX) is a newly proposed steady state linear plasma device designed to deliver the necessary plasma heat flux to a target for testing, including the capability to expose a priori neutron-damaged material samples to those plasmas. The requirements of the plasma source needed to deliver the required heat flux are being developed on the Proto-MPEX device which is a linear high-intensity radio-frequency (RF) plasma source that combines a high-density helicon plasma generator with electron-and ion-heating sections. The device is being used to study the physics of heating overdense plasmas in a linear configuration. The helicon plasma is operated at 13.56MHz with RF power levels up to 120 kW. Microwaves at 28GHz (similar to 30 kW) are coupled to the electrons in the overdense helicon plasma via electron Bernstein waves and ion cyclotron heating at 7-9MHz (similar to 30 kW) is via a magnetic beach approach. High plasma densities > 6 x 10(19)/m(3) have been produced in deuterium, with electron temperatures that can range from 2 to > 10 eV. Operation with on-axis magnetic field strengths between 0.6 and 1.4 T is typical. The plasma heat flux delivered to a target can be > 10 MW/m(2), depending on the operating conditions. An initial plasma material interaction experiment with a thin tungsten target exposed to this high heat flux in a predominantly helium plasma showed helium bubble formation near the surface, with no indication of source impurity contamination on the target. (C) 2017 American Vacuum Society.