Prevalence Of Radiologically Isolated Syndrome In A Pediatric Population-Based Cohort: A Longitudinal Description Of A Rare Diagnosis

Background:Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) is typified by multiple sclerosis (MS)-like lesions on imaging, without clinical MS symptoms. The prevalence of pediatric RIS is largely unknown.Objective:The objective of the study is to provide an estimated RIS prevalence in a population-based cohort of children.Methods:We used data from the Generation R study to identify the childhood RIS prevalence.Results:In 5238 participants, only one RIS case was identified (prevalence: 0.02%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00-0.11). During a 62-month follow-up, imaging examinations showed accrual of new focal demyelinating lesions; however, no clinical MS symptoms occurred.Conclusions:This study shows that the occurrence of RIS in children from the general population is rare.