Factors influencing the integration of external evaluations in the open innovation process: A qualitative study in micro-firms in the creative industries

Purpose - Many industries are increasingly affected by or even invite the participation of external stakeholders in the innovation process. The concepts of open innovation use the ideas of external stakeholders to foster innovation and make the firms more competitive. However, little research has considered whether evaluations from external stakeholders also serve as a source for open innovation and, and if so, in which way they are integrated into the innovation process. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to explore how external evaluations influence the innovation process in the creative industries. Design/methodology/approach - The authors conducted an explorative qualitative study using a mixture of an inductive and deductive research design. The authors interviewed 14 artists in order to understand how external evaluations are integrated in the innovation process. Findings - The paper formulates propositions on factors that influence whether and how external evaluations are a resource for the innovation process in micro-firms. The factors are the situation of the individual that is evaluated, the external evaluator's credibility, the content of the evaluation, and the potential impact of the evaluation on the individual evaluated. Originality/value - This paper provides exploratory insights into a so far neglected source of open innovation and its external evaluations in micro-firms in the creative industries.