Thermal and gas dynamic investigations at Lastarria volcano, Northern Chile. The influence of precipitation and atmospheric pressure on the fumarole temperature and the gas velocity

Fumaroles are hydrothermal manifestations commonly associated with active volcanoes. The dynamics of fumaroles are affected by interactions with internal and external factors, however, hazardous access and corrosive gases have so far limited successful case studies. In this study we report and discuss the results of continuous thermal monitoring carried out on three high temperature (>250°C) fumaroles at the Lastarria volcano Chile, together with simultaneously measured meteorological parameters from December 2013 to March 2016. In addition, the dynamic pressure and the CO2 concentration were recorded in a fourth vent. The investigated sites are located in the largest and most dominant fumarole field which developed in a fracture system on the north-west flank of the volcanic edifice.