Insights in Transplanting Complex Paediatric Renal Recipients With Vascular Anomalies

Background. Children with end-stage kidney disease may have coexisting iatrogenic or congenital vascular anomalies making transplantation difficult. We describe our approach in 5 recipients with vascular anomalies and significant comorbidities, including one case of blood group incompatibility. Methods. Five children aged 3 to 17 years (median, 7 years), weighing 14 to 34 kg (median, 18 kg) kg of whom 4 had occluded inferior vena cava or iliac veins and 2 had previous complex vascular reconstructions before transplantation for midaortic syndrome and multiple aortic aneurysms, respectively underwent renal transplantation. To establish implant feasibility surgery was commenced in 2 recipients before the donor surgery. Results. There was 4 (80%) of 5 patient survival after 1 death from sepsis (with a functioning graft) and 2 cases of delayed graft function. At the latest median follow-up of 19 months, there was 100% (death-censored) renal allograft survival with estimated glomerular filtration rates (mL/min per 1.73 m(2)) of 43 to 72 (median, 55). Conclusions. We conclude that major vascular anomalies do not necessarily preclude transplantation in complex pediatric patients and that surgical exploration of the recipient before commencing the donor surgery is valuable where feasibility and safety are uncertain. In addition, we have developed a novel classification system of congenital vascular abnormalities and propose its use in complex pediatric transplantation.