Sex dimorphism established by body weight, beak and flipper length in Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua, Forster, 1781), (aves:Sphenisciformes) from the Livingston Island

Two hundred individuals of Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) were investigated for sex determination using DNA analysis and morphological measurements of the body weight, length of the bill and length of the flipper. Theresults show that the sex determination using morphological characteristics for Gentoo penguins is of relatively low significance. For the population from the South Shetlands 32.5% of the whole population can be sex-determined by using the body weight, 16.9% by using the length of the bill and 16.1% by using the length of the flipper.