Ionic liquid-based fluorescence sensing paper: rapid, ultrasensitive, and in-site detection of methamphetamine in human urine

A low cost sensing paper chip supporting an ionic liquid and a fluorescent indicator agent was developed to perform a rapid and ultra-sensitive in-site methamphetamine test in human urine. The extraction ability of ionic liquids for methamphetamine, fluorescence behaviour of the system, and performance of the sensing paper were emphasized.