Mixing of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) enhances structural heterogeneity, and the effect increases with water availability

Stands of Scots pine and European beech (centre) have significantly higher structural heterogeneity than monocultures of Scots pine (left) and European beech (right). The superior heterogeneity of mixed stands over monocultures increases from dry to moist sites (from top to bottom).