The design of empirical studies: towards a unified view
European Journal of Epidemiology（2016）
摘要
A broad review is given of the general principles underlying study design with emphasis on applications in medical and epidemiological contexts. The main theme of the paper is that, while the distinction between interventionist studies, that is experiments, and purely observational ones is important, there are many common threads. A wide range of specific applications are used in outline to illustrate the discussion.
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关键词
Bias, Case–control study, Clinical trial, Cohort study, Confounding, Generalizability, Longitudinal study, Metrology, Objectives of study, Prospective study, Randomization, Retrospective study, Specificity
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