The impact of trainee involvement on outcomes in low-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose To determine the impact of fellow, resident, or medical student (MS) involvement on outcomes in patients undergoing permanent 125 I prostate seed implant. Methods and Materials The study population consisted of men with clinically localized low/intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with low-dose-rate permanent interstitial brachytherapy. Cases were stratified according to resident, fellow, MS, or attending involvement. Outcomes were compared using analysis of variance, logistic regression, and log rank tests. Results A total of 291 patients were evaluated. Fellows, residents, and MS were involved in 47 (16.2%), 231 (79.4%), and 34 (11.7%) cases, respectively. Thirteen (4.4%) cases were completed by an attending physician alone. There was no difference in freedom from biochemical failure when comparing the resident, fellow, or attending alone groups ( p  = 0.10). There was no difference in V 100 (volume of the prostate receiving 100% of the prescription dose) outcomes when comparing resident cases to fellow cases ( p  = 0.72) or attending alone cases ( p  = 0.78). There was no difference in D 90 (minimum dose covering 90% of the postimplant volume) outcomes when comparing resident cases to fellow cases ( p  = 0.74) or attending alone cases ( p  = 0.58). When examining treatment toxicity, fellow cases had higher rates of acute Grade 2 + GU toxicity ( p  = 0.028). With the exception of higher urethra D 90 among PGY 2–3 cases ( p  = 0.02), dosimetric outcomes were similar to cases with PGY 4–5 resident participation. There was no difference in outcomes for cases with and without MS participation. Conclusions Interstitial prostate seed implants can be safely performed by trainees with appropriate supervision. Hands-on brachytherapy training is effective and feasible for trainees.