Rewilding with large herbivores: Direct effects and edge effects of grazing refuges on plant and invertebrate communities

•We studied direct and edge effects of grazing exclusion on plants and invertebrates.•Responses varied from negative for plant- to positive for soil macrofauna diversity.•Edges supported highest biodiversity.•Grazing refuges can benefit grazing sensitive species under high grazer densities.•Maximizing edge length will be most beneficial to biodiversity.