Prevention of spontaneous preterm birth

Background It is estimated that globally, approximately 13 million preterm infants are born annually and a much higher number of pregnancies are characterized by threatening preterm birth. Findings A proportional inverse correlation between gestational age at delivery and neonatal mortality has been observed which is more prevalent in countries without high standard neonatal care. The socioeconomic burden of preterm birth is enormous, as preterm neonates are particularly prone to severe morbidity that may expand up to adulthood. Several strategies have been proposed for the prevention of preterm birth which can be sub-stratified as primary (when these apply to the general population), secondary (when they target women at risk), and tertiary (optimizing neonatal outcomes when preterm birth cannot any longer be prevented). The aim of this review is to summarize the most important strategies.