Inducing therapeutic hypothermia via selective brain cooling: a finite element modeling analysis

Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment method to reduce brain injuries after stroke, especially for cerebral ischemia. This study investigates in the temperature distribution of the head within selective brain cooling (SBC). Anatomically accurate geometries based on CT images of head and neck regions are used to develop the 3D geometry and physical model for the finite element modeling. Two cooling methods, the direct head surface cooling strategy and the combination cooling strategy of both head and neck, are evaluated to analyze the inducing hypothermia. The results show that for direct head surface cooling, the scalp and skull temperatures decrease significantly as the blood perfusion rate is constrained, but it is hard to affect the brain core temperature. To achieve a lower cerebral temperature, combination cooling strategy of both head and neck is an effective method in improving deep brain cooling. In normal condition, the cerebral temperature is reduced by about 0.12 °C in 60 min of hypothermia, while the temperature drop is approximately 0.98 °C in ischemic condition. Graphical abstract In this study, the 3D geometry of the head and carotid artery model based on the computed tomography (CT) were derived separately and the corresponding investigations were conducted to validate the reliability of the model. Direct head surface cooling strategy and the combination cooling strategy of both the head and neck were numerically researched.