Brain SAR of average male Korean child to adult models for mobile phone exposure assessment.

This paper aims to implement average head models of Korean males and investigate age-related differences in the brain for exposure from radiation from mobile phones. Four male head models composed of a total of 69 structures were developed through a statistical investigation of the anatomical morphology for the age groups of 6, 9,15 and 20-24 years in age, which are named KR-6, KR-9, KR-15, and KR-22 herein. Three numerical bar phone models with a dual-band built-in antenna were applied to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the brain; the body lengths of models M-avg and M-long have the mean value and upper 5th percentile value of commercial bar phone models, respectively, with an antenna at the bottom, whereas M-rev has an antenna on top of the phone body, which is the same as in M-avg but rotated 180 degrees. The cheek and tilt positions were employed for SAR simulations. As a result, a higher peak spatial-average SAR (psSAR) was observed in the brain for the child groups of KR-6 and KR-9 than for the adult groups of KR-15 and KR-22. In most configurations, the position-averaged psSAR(10g) in the child brain was 62% (M-long, 835 MHz), 61% (M-avg, 835 MHz), 102% (M-long, 1850 MHz), 108% (M-avg, 1850 MHz), and 125 % (M-rev, 1850 MHz) higher than in the adult brain. The higher frequency of 1850 MHz showed a wider difference in the brain psSAR between the child and adult groups owing to the shorter penetration depth. When a long phone with an antenna at the bottom operates at a higher frequency, it significantly reduces the brain exposure.