Comparison of Different Antenna Arrays with Various Height.

In this paper, we use the shooting and bouncing ray/image (SBR/Image) method to compute the path loss for different outdoor environments in the residential area. Their corresponding path loss of the outdoor environment for the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) cases are calculated. Numerical results show that the performance in reduction of path loss by DDE algorithm is better than that by GA. Besides, the path loss for the circular shape antenna is lower than that for the cross shape antenna array both in NLOS case.