Thymoma in middle mediastinum that induced tracheal compression-Case report and literature review.

•A thymoma mainly occurs in the anterior mediastinum, while few are seen in the middle mediastinum.•This is the first case of a mediastinum thymoma induced severe tracheal compression in literature.•In our review of middle mediastinum thymoma cases, none were Masaoka stage III or IV, while the majority (9/13, 69.2%) were WHO type A or AB.•A thymoma should always be considered in differential diagnosis of neoplasm, even when occurring in the middle mediastinum.