Elevated O3 increases volatile organic compounds via jasmonic acid pathway that promote the preference of parasitoid Encarsia formosa for tomato plants

•We assessed the effect of O3 and whitefly herbivory on tomato VOCs via JA pathway.•The impacts of the induced VOCs on the behavioural responses of E. formosa.•The O3 and whitefly herbivory significantly increased the production of VOCs.•Limonene and Z-3-hexanol played key roles in the attraction of E. formosa.•The activation of the JA pathway up-regulates the emission rates of VOCs under O3.