Adverse early life environment increases hippocampal microglia abundance in conjunction with decreased neural stem cells in juvenile mice.

•Adverse early life environment-induced hippocampal alteration is important to better understand the fetal origins of neuropsychiatric disease.•TLR9 may be a possible intrinsic link between these two cellular findings.•Understanding the basis of adverse early life environment-induced hippocampal alteration is profoundly important to better understand the fetal origins of neuropsychiatric disease and provides the foundation for future investigative studies.