11a-N-Tosyl-5-deoxi-pterocarpan, LQB-223, a novel compound with potent antineoplastic activity toward breast cancer cells with different phenotypes

Multidrug resistance is the major obstacle for successful treatment of breast cancer, prompting the investigation of novel anticancer compounds. Purpose In this study, we tested whether LQB-223, an 11a-N-Tosyl-5-deoxi-pterocarpan newly synthesized compound, could be effective toward breast cancer cells. Methods Human breast cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HB4a and MCF-7 Dox R were used as models for this study. Cell culture, MTT and clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed. Results The LQB-223 decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation and induced an expressive G2/M arrest in breast cancer cells. There was an induction in p53 and p21 Cip1 protein levels following treatment of wild-type p53 MCF-7 cells, which was not observed in the mutant p53 MDA-MB-231 cell line, providing evidence that the compound might act to modulate the cell cycle regardless of p53 status. In addition, LQB-223 resulted in decreased procaspase levels and increased annexin V staining, suggesting that the apoptotic cascade is also triggered. Importantly, LQB-223 treatment was shown to be less cytotoxic to non-neoplastic breast cells than docetaxel and doxorubicin. Strikingly, exposure of doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7-Dox R cells to LQB-223 resulted in suppression of cell viability and proliferation in levels comparable to MCF-7. Of note, MCF-7-Dox R cells have an elevated expression of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump when compared to MCF-7. Conclusion Together, these results show that LQB-223 mediates cytotoxic effects in sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells, while presenting low toxicity to non-neoplastic cells. The new compound might represent a potential strategy to induce toxicity in breast cancer cells, especially chemoresistant cells.