Are Collapsed Cervical Discs Amenable to Total Disc Arthroplasty?: Analysis of Prospective Clinical Data With 2-Year Follow Up.

Study Design.Analysis of prospectively collected radiographic data.Objective.To investigate the influence of preoperative index-level range of motion (ROM) and disc height on postoperative ROM after cervical total disc arthroplasty (TDA) using compressible disc prostheses.Summary of Background Data.Clinical studies demonstrate benefits of motion preservation over fusion; however, questions remain unanswered as to which preoperative factors have the ability to identify patients who are most likely to have good postoperative motion, which is the primary rationale for TDA.Methods.We analyzed prospectively collected data from a single-arm, multicenter study with 2-year follow up of 30 patients with 48 implanted levels. All received compressible cervical disc prostheses of 6 mm-height (M6C, Spinal Kinetics, Sunnyvale, CA). The influence of index-level preoperative disc height and ROM (each with two levels: below-median and above-median) on postoperative ROM was analyzed using 2 x 2 ANOVA. We further analyzed the radiographic outcomes of a subset of discs with preoperative height less than 3mm, the so-called collapsed discs.Results.Shorter (3.0 0.4mm) discs were significantly less mobile preoperatively than taller (4.4 0.5mm) discs (6.7 degrees vs. 10.5 degrees, P=0.01). The postoperative ROM did not differ between the shorter and taller discs (5.6 degrees vs. 5.0 degrees, P=0.63). Tall discs that were less mobile preoperatively had significantly smaller postoperative ROM than short discs with above-median preoperative mobility (P<0.05). The collapsed discs (n=8) were less mobile preoperatively compared with all discs combined (5.1 degrees vs. 8.6 degrees, P<0.01). These discs were distracted to more than two times the preoperative height, from 2.6 to 5.7mm, and had significantly greater postoperative ROM than all discs combined (7.6 degrees vs. 5.3 degrees, P<0.05).Conclusion.We observed a significant interaction between preoperative index-level disc height and ROM in influencing postoperative ROM. Although limited by small sample size, the results suggest discs with preoperative height less than 3mm may be amenable to disc arthroplasty using compressible disc prostheses.Level of Evidence: 2