MiR-15a/16-1 deficiency induces IL-10-producing CD19 + TIM-1 + cells in tumor microenvironment.

IL-10-producing B cells (B10) are associated with autoimmune diseases, infection and tumours. MiR-15a/16 as a tumour-suppressive gene is down-regulated in several tumours, such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, pituitary adenomas and prostate carcinoma. Here, increased frequency of IL-10-producing CD19(+) Tim-1(+) cells was seen in both aged miR-15a/16(-/-) mice (15-18 months) with the onset of B cell leukaemia and young knockout mice (8-12 weeks) transplanted with hepatic cancer cells. CD19(+) Tim-1(+) cells down-regulated the function of effector CD4(+) CD25(low) T cells ex vivo dependent on IL-10 production, and adoptive transfer of CD19(+) Tim-1(+) cells promoted tumour growth in mice. IL-10 production by CD19(+) Tim-1(+) cells was involved with the STAT3 activation. Bioinformatics analysis shows that miR-16 targets the 3'-untranslating region (3'-UTR) of STAT3 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-16 in CD19(+) Tim-1(+) cells inhibited STAT3 transcription and its protein expression. Thus, the loss of miR-15a/16 promoted induction of regulatory CD19(+) Tim-1(+) cells in tumour microenvironment. These results confirmed that miR-15a/16 could be used in tumour therapy due to its inhibition of tumour and regulatory B cells.