Gramella fulva sp. nov., isolated from a dry surface of tidal flat

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile by means of gliding, and short rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain SH35 T , was isolated from the dry surface of a tidal flat in Hwasung-si, South Korea. Growth occurred at 10–40°C (optimum 30°C), at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum pH 7.0), in 1–12% NaCl (optimum 2%), and was inhibited in the absence of NaCl and Ca 2+ ions. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SH35 T belonged to the genus Gramella and was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae with highest sequence similarity to Gramella flava JLT2011 T (96.1%), followed by Gramella oceani CCAMSZ-TT (95.6%), and 93.0–94.9% to other recognized Gramella species. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5% of the total) of strain SH35T were iso-C 15:0 , Iso-C 16:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 17:0 3-OH and summed feature 9 (C16:0 10-methyl and/or C 17:1 iso ω9с ). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and nine unidentified polar lipids. The major respiratory quinone and the predominant polyamine were menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and symhomospermidine, respectively. The DNA G + C content was 40.5 mol% (39.7% based on total genome calculations). Based on phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain SH35 T represents a novel species of the genus Gramella , for which the name Gramella fulva sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SH35 T (= KACC 19447 T = JCM 32369 T ).