Altered expression of Phox2 transcription factors in the locus coeruleus in major depressive disorder mimicked by chronic stress and corticosterone treatment in vivo and in vitro.

•Protein levels of Phox2a, mRNA and protein levels of Phox2b were elevated in the locus coeruleus from brain donors of MDD.•CSD significantly increased Phox2a and Phox2b expression in the rat locus coeruleus.•Corticosterone administration increased Phox2b protein levels in the rat locus coeruleus.•Corticosterone increased Phox2a and Phox2b expression in the SK-SY5Y cells.•Corticosterone-induced increase in Phox2 expression may be mediated through corticosteroid receptors.